Preventing Drowning in Children with Autism: Risks and Safety Strategies 

Written by Dr. Steve Woolf

Drowning is one of the leading causes of accidental death among children with autism. Studies have shown that children on the autism spectrum are significantly more likely to experience drowning incidents compared to their neurotypical peers. Understanding the risks and implementing proactive safety measures can help prevent tragedies and ensure water activities remain enjoyable and safe.  

Why Are Children with Autism at Higher Risk of Drowning?  

Several factors contribute to the increased drowning risk among children with autism:  

1. Attraction to Water – Many children with autism are drawn to water because of its sensory appeal. They may find the movement, sound, or feel of water soothing, increasing the likelihood of seeking it out.  
2. Wandering (Elopement) Behavior – Studies suggest that nearly half of children with autism engage in wandering or bolting behavior, often heading toward water sources such as pools, lakes, or rivers.  
3. Limited Awareness of Danger – Children with autism may not recognize water as a hazard. They may not understand the risks of deep water, currents, or sudden drop-offs, increasing their vulnerability.  
4. Communication Challenges – Some children with autism have difficulty expressing distress or calling for help, making it harder for rescuers to recognize when they are in danger.  
5. Motor Coordination Differences – While some children with autism are strong swimmers, others may have motor skill challenges that impact their ability to swim efficiently or stay afloat in an emergency.  

Water Safety Strategies for Children with Autism  

While the risks are serious, drowning is preventable with the right precautions. Here are some key strategies for keeping children with autism safe around water:  

1. Enroll in Swim Lessons Early  

• Look for adaptive swimming programs designed for children with autism.  
• Instructors trained in sensory-friendly techniques can help children feel comfortable in the water while teaching essential survival skills.  
• Even if a child does not become a strong swimmer, they can learn basic water safety skills like floating and exiting a pool safely.  

2. Secure Water Hazards at Home  

• Install fences at least four feet high around pools, lakes, or ponds near your home.  
• Use self-latching gates and alarms on pool access doors to alert caregivers if a child attempts to enter the area unsupervised.  
• Cover hot tubs and drain kiddie pools immediately after use.  

3. Supervise Constantly  

• Always maintain direct, hands-on supervision when children are near water.  
• Assign a designated “water watcher” during gatherings or pool parties to prevent distractions.  
• Never rely on flotation devices alone as substitutes for supervision.  

4. Use Visual Aids and Social Stories  

• Teach water safety rules using visual schedules, social stories, and role-playing to reinforce safe behaviors.  
• Create a “stop” symbol or cue card to help a child understand when not to enter the water unsupervised.  

5. Encourage Life Jacket Use  

• Have children wear U.S. Coast Guard-approved life jackets near pools, lakes, and boats.  
• Choose life jackets with secure straps that fit snugly to prevent slipping off.  

6. Practice Emergency Response  

• Teach basic water safety commands such as “wait for an adult” before entering water.  
• Caregivers and family members should learn CPR and basic rescue techniques in case of emergencies.  
• Identify and communicate local emergency services and lifeguard stations when visiting new water locations.  

7. Identify Safe Water Activities  

• Opt for sensory-friendly swim times at community pools with fewer crowds and lower noise levels.  
• Look for adaptive aquatic programs that provide one-on-one or small group settings.  
• Consider indoor water play alternatives like bathtub or water table activities for sensory fun without the risks of deep water.  

Water Safety is a Lifelong Priority  

For families of children with autism, water safety requires continuous awareness and preparation. By taking proactive steps such as early swim lessons, environmental modifications, and constant supervision, caregivers can help reduce drowning risks while allowing children to safely enjoy water-related activities.  

Resources:  

• National Autism Association – Water Safety  
• Autism Society – Water and Wandering  
• Autism FL – Drowning Prevention